Current Situation and Prospects of Vietnam’s Import-Export Sector

Current Situation and Prospects of Vietnam’s Import-Export Sector

1. Global Economic Context and Its Impact on Trade

In recent years, the global economy has faced continuous turbulence, including prolonged inflation, geopolitical conflicts, and disruptions in supply chains. These factors have directly affected international trade activities, including those of Vietnam. However, thanks to flexible policy management and proactive efforts from businesses, Vietnam has maintained positive growth momentum in the import-export sector.

2. Import-Export Performance in the First Eight Months of 2025

According to data from the General Statistics Office, Vietnam’s total import-export turnover in the first eight months of 2025 reached nearly 598 billion USD, an increase of over 16 percent compared to the same period last year. Of this, exports accounted for more than 305 billion USD, up nearly 15 percent, while imports reached nearly 292 billion USD, up almost 18 percent. The trade balance remained in surplus, with a value of approximately 14 billion USD.

3. Key Export Commodities

The processing and manufacturing industry continues to be a highlight, with export turnover exceeding 271 billion USD, accounting for nearly 89 percent of total exports. Major export items include electronics, computers and components, mobile phones, machinery and equipment, textiles, and footwear. There are 29 export items with turnover exceeding 1 billion USD, of which 7 items surpassed the 10 billion USD mark.

4. Major Export Markets

The United States remains Vietnam’s largest export partner, with turnover exceeding 99 billion USD, accounting for more than 32 percent of total exports. The European Union and China rank second and third, respectively. Vietnam maintains a significant trade surplus with both the US and EU, contributing to the overall trade balance.

5. Agriculture and Aquaculture Sector

Many agricultural products have recorded impressive growth. Aquatic products reached 7.2 billion USD, coffee 6.5 billion USD, fruits and vegetables 4.8 billion USD, and cashew nuts 3.3 billion USD. Enterprises have proactively adopted advanced processing technologies and improved product quality to meet technical standards in demanding markets such as Japan, the EU, and the United States.

6. Existing Challenges

Despite positive results, the import-export sector still faces several limitations. Vietnam continues to run a large trade deficit with China and South Korea, reflecting dependence on imported raw materials. Additionally, smuggling and trade fraud remain complex issues, requiring stronger inspection and enforcement from authorities.

7. Outlook and Development Directions

In the coming period, Vietnam’s import-export sector needs to further diversify markets, enhance product competitiveness, and promote digital transformation in trade management. Leveraging free trade agreements such as EVFTA, CPTPP, and RCEP will be key to expanding markets and increasing the added value of export goods.